SecOps with Kestra

Operationalize SecOps benchmarks with Kestra.

Overview

This how-to shows how to operationalize SecOps benchmarks with Kestra. You will download a CIS benchmark, store control recommendations as settings, and orchestrate compliance scans and automated remediation across multiple controls and teams.

Prerequisites

Access to the CIS benchmark for your target operating system (Ubuntu 24.04 LTS in this example)
A Kestra namespace strategy for SecOps (for example company.security.cis.linux.ubuntu.22-04-lts.devops)
SSH access (public key) to the target VMs you plan to scan/remediate
Appropriate secrets configured in Kestra for usernames, private keys, and webhook triggers

Step 1: Download the Benchmark

Go to https://downloads.cisecurity.org/#/ and download the CIS_Ubuntu_Linux_24.04_LTS_Benchmark_v1.0.0 (or the benchmark that matches your OS).
Review the controls you plan to enforce and note the recommended settings.

Benchmark download placeholder

Step 2: Define the Namespace and Settings Structure

Decide how to segment namespaces per team or environment. Examples:
- company.security.cis.linux.ubuntu.22-04-lts.devops
- company.security.cis.linux.ubuntu.22-04-lts.dataeng
Create settings (KV pairs) for every control you want to validate. For instance, controls under section 1.6:

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And they can be stored by following this hierarchy:

text

1
├── 1.1
│   ├── 1.1.1
│   │   ├── 1.1.1.1
│   │   └── 1.1.1.2
└── 1.6
    └── 1.6.4

Use consistent KV naming so any flow can dynamically fetch a control setting. Example naming convention: control-1-1_6-1_6_4 for control 1.6.4.
Store the recommended permission string or configuration snippet for each control. Control 1.6.4, for example, ensures /etc/motd permissions follow security guidance.

KV structure placeholder

Repeat this process for every control you intend to enforce. The walkthrough below focuses on 1.6.4, 1.6.5, and 1.6.6.

Step 3: Store Secrets for VM Access

Add secrets for the SSH username (vmUser) and private key (vmKey) used to connect to the VM.
Store any additional secrets (for example, webhook secrets) you will reference in flows and triggers.

vmKey Secret

vmUser Secret

Step 4: Model the Parent Flow

Design a flow that evaluates each control, remediates if required, and proceeds to the next control. At a high level the logic looks like this:

text

Start → Execute Control 1.6.4 → Assess Compliance
→ If compliant → Move to next control
→ If not compliant → Remediate → Re-assess → Next control

Flow Topology

Step 5: Create Reusable Control Subflows

Create a subflow per control so you can reuse the same logic across namespaces. The example below implements control 1.6.5. Note how periods in the control number are converted to underscores for IDs (for example, 1_6_5).

yaml

id: control-1-1_6-1_6_5
namespace: company.security.cis.linux.ubuntu.22-04-lts.devops

inputs:
  - id: remediateControls
    description: Toggle ON to auto-remediate non-compliant controls.
    displayName: Auto Remediate
    type: BOOL
    defaults: true

  - id: ipAddress
    type: STRING
    defaults: localhost

variables:
  COMPLIANT: Compliant
  NOT_COMPLIANT: Not Compliant

tasks:
  # Retrieve the recommended configuration from the KV store
  - id: getConfiguration
    type: io.kestra.plugin.core.kv.Get
    key: "{{ render(flow.id) }}"

  # Assess the current VM state
  - id: assess-1_6_5
    type: io.kestra.plugin.fs.ssh.Command
    host: "{{ inputs.ipAddress }}"
    authMethod: PUBLIC_KEY
    username: "{{ secret('vmUser') }}"
    privateKey: "{{ secret('vmKey') }}"
    commands:
      - 'echo $(stat -Lc "Access: (%#a/%A)  Uid: ( %u/ %U) Gid: { %g/ %G)" /etc/issue) > output.log'
      - echo '::{"outputs":{"result":"'$(cat output.log)'"}}::'

  - id: status-1_6_5
    type: io.kestra.plugin.core.flow.If
    condition: "{{ outputs['assess-1_6_5']['vars']['result'] == outputs.getConfiguration.value }}"
    then:
      - id: compliant-1_6_5
        type: io.kestra.plugin.core.debug.Return
        format: "{{ vars.COMPLIANT }}"
    else:
      - id: doRemediate
        type: io.kestra.plugin.core.flow.If
        condition: "{{ inputs.remediateControls == true }}"
        then:
          - id: remediate-1_6_5
            type: io.kestra.plugin.fs.ssh.Command
            host: "{{ inputs.ipAddress }}"
            username: "{{ secret('vmUser') }}"
            privateKey: "{{ secret('vmKey') }}"
            authMethod: PUBLIC_KEY
            commands:
              - sudo chown root:root $(readlink -e /etc/issue)
              - sudo chmod u-x,go-wx $(readlink -e /etc/issue)
          - id: remediateResult-1_6_5
            type: io.kestra.plugin.core.debug.Return
            format: "{{ vars.COMPLIANT }}"
        else:
          - id: not-compliant-1_6_5
            type: io.kestra.plugin.core.debug.Return
            format: "{{ vars.NOT_COMPLIANT }}"

# Return output for the parent flow
outputs:
  - id: complianceStatus-1_6_5
    type: STRING
    value: "{{ outputs['compliant-1_6_5']['value'] ?? outputs['remediateResult-1_6_5']['value'] ?? outputs['not-compliant-1_6_5']['value'] ?? 'Error' }}"

Repeat the same pattern for controls 1.6.4 and 1.6.6.

Step 6: Assemble the Parent Flow

Use the subflows inside a parent orchestration that evaluates each control sequentially within a Parallel task (with concurrency set to 1). This lets you retrigger individual control branches without re-running the entire benchmark.

yaml

id: csrRevamped
namespace: company.security.cis.linux.ubuntu.22-04-lts.devops

inputs:
  - id: remediateControls
    description: Toggle ON to auto-remediate non-compliant controls.
    displayName: Auto Remediate
    type: BOOL
    defaults: true

  - id: ipAddress
    displayName: IP Address
    description: Host on which the scan must run.
    type: STRING
    defaults: localhost

tasks:
  - id: section-1-1_6
    type: io.kestra.plugin.core.flow.Parallel
    # Tasks run in parallel but concurrency is limited to 1 so each control
    # can be retriggered independently without re-running downstream steps.
    concurrent: 1
    tasks:
      - id: trigger-1-1_6-1_6_4
        type: io.kestra.plugin.core.flow.Sequential
        tasks:
          - id: control-1-1_6-1_6_4
            type: io.kestra.plugin.core.flow.Subflow
            namespace: "{{ flow.namespace }}"
            flowId: control-1-1_6-1_6_4
            inputs:
              ipAddress: "{{ inputs.ipAddress }}"
              remediateControls: "{{ inputs.remediateControls }}"
            wait: true
            transmitFailed: true

          - id: logStatus-1-1_6-1_6_4
            type: io.kestra.plugin.core.log.Log
            message: "{{ outputs['control-1-1_6-1_6_4'].outputs['complianceStatus-1_6_4'] }}"

      - id: trigger-1-1_6-1_6_5
        type: io.kestra.plugin.core.flow.Sequential
        tasks:
          - id: control-1-1_6-1_6_5
            type: io.kestra.plugin.core.flow.Subflow
            namespace: "{{ flow.namespace }}"
            flowId: control-1-1_6-1_6_5
            inputs:
              ipAddress: "{{ inputs.ipAddress }}"
              remediateControls: "{{ inputs.remediateControls }}"
            wait: true
            transmitFailed: true

          - id: logStatus-1-1_6-1_6_5
            type: io.kestra.plugin.core.log.Log
            message: "{{ outputs['control-1-1_6-1_6_5'].outputs['complianceStatus-1_6_5'] }}"

# These triggers will be demonstrated in the VM creation and ServiceNow tutorial
triggers:
  - id: vmCreateFromServiceNow
    type: io.kestra.plugin.core.trigger.Webhook
    key: "{{ secret('webHookTriggerSecret') }}"
  - id: postVMCreation
    type: io.kestra.plugin.core.trigger.Flow
    inputs:
      ipAddress: "{{ trigger.outputs.externalIPAddress }}"
    preconditions:
      id: vmCreationSuccess
      flows:
        - namespace: company.ops.it
          flowId: createVMRevamped
          states: [ SUCCESS, WARNING ]

Step 7: Review the Topology

Each control runs in parallel but only one at a time because concurrent: 1. This makes it easy to rerun non-compliant controls individually without re-running the entire benchmark.

Trigger Topology placeholder

Demo

Execute the flow. Observe the initial compliance check.
Check the results. Review the compliance summary.
Inspect the subflow. Confirm whether the VM was already compliant.
Force a drift. Change the VM setting for control 1_6_5 (for example, from 644 to 664).
Retrigger only control 1_6_5.
Review the logs. Verify that remediation executed for 1_6_5.
Validate the VM permissions. Confirm they returned to 644.

Result

You have enforced CIS benchmark controls through Kestra, combined compliance assessment with optional remediation, and validated that individual controls can be retriggered independently. Replace the placeholder images with real screenshots from your environment to complete the documentation.

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